Evidence Level
Moderate
Molybdenum research in supplement form is limited because deficiency is virtually nonexistent in free-living populations. The most important clinical context is molybdenum cofactor deficiency, an ultra-rare genetic disorder (estimated 1 in 100,000-200,000) causing severe neurological damage from inability to metabolize sulfites. For supplementation, Turnlund et al. (1995) established that molybdenum absorption from sodium molybdate exceeds 88% regardless of dose, and urinary excretion adjusts rapidly to maintain homeostasis. The interest in molybdenum for sulfite sensitivity comes from case reports and functional medicine practice rather than RCTs.