Evidence Level
Moderate
Grape seed extract has a solid evidence base for cardiovascular support. Zhang et al. (2016) published the most comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrating clinically meaningful blood pressure reductions across 16 RCTs. Feringa et al. (2011) reviewed the cardiovascular pharmacology of grape seed OPCs, confirming benefits for endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The European tradition of using GSE for venous insufficiency is supported by several well-designed trials. The antioxidant potency of grape seed OPCs is among the highest of any natural compound, providing theoretical benefits for LDL oxidation prevention, though long-term cardiovascular outcome trials are still needed.