Evidence-Based Benefits
- Mood support — lithium upregulates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and inhibits GSK-3 beta, both mechanisms relevant to mood regulation and neuroplasticity
- Suicide prevention (ecological data) — a 2011 meta-analysis by Vita et al. of 9 ecological studies found a significant inverse association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide rates
- Neuroprotection — lithium promotes autophagy, reduces neuroinflammation, and increases gray matter volume; a 2017 study found higher natural lithium in water associated with lower dementia mortality
- Cognitive longevity — Kessing et al. (2017) found that long-term lithium users had lower dementia rates than the general population in a large Danish cohort study
- Immune modulation — low-dose lithium has been shown to modulate immune function and reduce inflammatory signaling in preclinical models