Evidence Level
Manganese is an essential trace mineral that plays a critical role in various bodily functions, including bone metabolism and neurological health. Research has demonstrated its importance in supporting bone density, particularly in postmenopausal women. A key study by Strause et al. (1994) found that a combination of manganese (5mg), calcium, zinc, and copper significantly improved spinal bone density over two years compared to calcium alone.
Recent studies have explored manganese's association with metabolic and neurological conditions. Wu et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 observational studies (n=6593) and found that women with preeclampsia had significantly lower blood manganese levels than controls (-0.36 SMD, p<0.001). Conversely, Sun et al. (2023) reported a systematic review and meta-analysis of six datasets (91,249 women) linking high blood manganese levels to an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (odds ratio: 1.31).
Neurotoxicity remains a concern, particularly with occupational exposure. Ruiz-Azcona et al. (2021) found that environmental airborne manganese exposure is associated with impaired cognitive and motor functions in adults. However, oral supplement toxicity at reasonable doses (<11mg/day) has not been documented in healthy individuals.
Overall, while manganese plays a critical role in various bodily functions, its optimal intake levels and potential risks require further investigation.