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1 serving daily with food. Follow product-specific serving sizes.
Maximum dose: Do not exceed the serving size on the product label. Taking multiple multivitamins risks exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and minerals (iron, zinc).
General recommendation: 1 serving daily with food. Follow product-specific serving sizes.
Timing: Take with a meal for best absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and to reduce nausea • Take with food for best absorption.
| Condition | Recommended Dose | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| General nutritional insurance | 1 serving daily with a meal | Moderate |
| Cognitive support (older adults) | 1 serving daily, consistent long-term use (COSMOS protocol) | Moderate |
| Prenatal nutrition | 1 serving prenatal multivitamin daily (with 400-800 mcg folate) | Strong |
| Post-bariatric surgery | 1-2 servings daily per surgical protocol (higher doses needed due to malabsorption) | Moderate |
Upper limit: Do not exceed the serving size on the product label. Taking multiple multivitamins risks exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and minerals (iron, zinc).
Take with a meal for best absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and to reduce nausea
Best taken with food for optimal absorption.