Evidence-Based Benefits
- Libido — some studies report subjective improvements in sexual desire, possibly through androgen receptor sensitivity or nitric oxide pathways rather than testosterone elevation (Santos et al., 2014)
- Traditional medicine — used for centuries in Ayurveda (Gokshura) for urinary tract health, kidney stones, and vitality; some preliminary evidence for diuretic effects
- Animal studies misleading — while tribulus raises androgens in rats and rabbits, this does not translate to humans due to different enzymatic pathways (Gauthaman & Ganesan, 2008)
- No ergogenic benefit — Rogerson et al. (2007) found tribulus supplementation had no effect on body composition, strength, or urinary testosterone-to-epitestosterone ratio in rugby players