Evidence Level
Tribulus terrestris is a plant commonly used as a natural supplement, particularly for its purported effects on sexual function and hormonal regulation. Despite its popularity, evidence supporting its efficacy remains mixed. Early studies in young men found no significant changes in testosterone levels or related hormones (Neychev & Mitev, 2005). Similarly, research examining its impact on muscle strength and body composition in athletes also yielded negative results (Rogerson et al., 2007).
Recent systematic reviews provide a more nuanced perspective. Suharyani et al. (2026) analyzed eight randomized trials involving 524 participants and found that Tribulus terrestris significantly improved erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction, as measured by the IIEF-5 and IIEF-15 scales. However, these improvements were not accompanied by changes in testosterone levels or adverse events. Another systematic review by Vilar Neto et al. (2025) of 10 studies involving 483 participants concluded that while Tribulus terrestris may offer some benefits for erectile dysfunction, the evidence supporting significant increases in testosterone levels remains limited.
For women, Martimbianco et al. (2020) reviewed five randomized controlled trials and found potential improvements in sexual function and testosterone levels, though the certainty of this evidence was deemed very low. Overall, while Tribulus terrestris may offer some benefits for specific populations, particularly those with erectile dysfunction, its effects on hormonal markers like testosterone are inconsistent across studies. As such, individuals seeking evidence-based approaches to optimize sexual health or hormonal balance should consider other well-supported interventions.