Evidence-Based Benefits
- Eye fatigue reduction — a 2012 RCT (n=48) found 6 mg astaxanthin daily for 4 weeks significantly reduced accommodative dysfunction and eye fatigue in VDT workers
- Retinal blood flow — astaxanthin 12 mg/day increased choroidal blood flow velocity in a 2012 randomized study, supporting nutrient delivery to the retina
- Antioxidant potency — astaxanthin quenches singlet oxygen 6,000x more effectively than vitamin C and 550x more than vitamin E, protecting retinal lipid membranes from peroxidation
- Inflammation modulation — astaxanthin inhibits NF-kB signaling in retinal pigment epithelial cells, reducing inflammatory cytokine production relevant to AMD pathogenesis