Evidence-Based Benefits
- Arterial calcification prevention — Knapen et al. (2015) found that 180mcg MK-7 daily for 3 years significantly improved arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) in healthy postmenopausal women compared to placebo.
- Cardiovascular mortality reduction — the Rotterdam Study (Geleijnse et al., 2004, n=4,807) found that high dietary vitamin K2 intake was associated with a 57% reduction in coronary heart disease mortality over 7-10 years.
- Fibrinolytic activity — Kurosawa et al. (2015) demonstrated that nattokinase (2000 FU/day) reduced fibrinogen levels and factor VIII activity, supporting healthy clot breakdown in a randomized trial.
- Calcium metabolism — K2 activates matrix Gla protein (MGP) and osteocalcin, creating a dual mechanism that removes calcium from arterial walls and deposits it in bone matrix.