Evidence-Based Benefits
- Memory and cognitive function — a 2010 double-blind RCT (Kato-Kataoka et al.) found 100mg/day PS significantly improved memory scores in elderly subjects with mild cognitive complaints over 6 months
- Attention and processing speed — Baumeister et al. (2008) demonstrated that 400mg/day PS improved cognitive performance during stressful arithmetic tasks in young adults
- Cortisol modulation — PS supplementation at 600mg/day blunted cortisol response to exercise-induced stress by up to 30% in a controlled trial (Monteleone et al., 1992)
- Age-related decline prevention — the FDA permits a qualified health claim stating PS may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly (2003 qualified health claim)
- Neurotransmitter support — PS facilitates acetylcholine and dopamine release by maintaining optimal cell membrane fluidity in presynaptic neurons