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Benefits of Hemp Seed Oil

Reviewed by·PharmD, BCPS

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement. Full disclaimer

Evidence-Based Benefits

  • Eczema and atopic dermatitis relief — Callaway et al. (2005) published a crossover RCT in the Journal of Dermatological Treatment showing 20 weeks of dietary hemp seed oil significantly reduced symptoms of atopic dermatitis, improved skin dryness, itchiness, and reduced the need for topical medications compared to olive oil placebo
  • Anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile — Hemp seed oil's GLA content (2-4% of total fatty acids) is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), which competes with pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid for COX and LOX enzymes, shifting prostaglandin production from inflammatory PGE2 toward anti-inflammatory PGE1
  • Cardiovascular support — Schwab et al. (2006) demonstrated that hemp seed oil supplementation favorably altered plasma fatty acid profiles and reduced total cholesterol-to-HDL ratios in healthy volunteers, attributed to the balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio and GLA content
  • Skin barrier improvement — The balanced essential fatty acid composition supports ceramide synthesis in the stratum corneum, the outermost skin layer; deficiency in essential fatty acids is a well-established cause of impaired skin barrier function and transepidermal water loss
  • Immune modulation — Richard et al. (2008) reviewed the immunomodulatory effects of GLA-rich oils, showing that GLA supplementation reduced T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in multiple clinical settings, suggesting broad immune-balancing properties

What the Research Says

Hemp seed oil research focuses on its unique fatty acid profile — particularly the 3:1 omega-6 to omega-3 ratio and GLA content. Callaway et al. (2005) published the most cited clinical trial in the Journal of Dermatological Treatment, a 20-week crossover RCT showing dietary hemp seed oil significantly improved atopic dermatitis symptoms including dryness, itchiness, and need for medication, compared to olive oil control. The mechanism involves GLA conversion to DGLA, which competes with arachidonic acid in COX/LOX pathways. Schwab et al. (2006) demonstrated favorable changes in plasma fatty acid profiles and cholesterol ratios with hemp seed oil supplementation. Deferne & Pate (1996) characterized the complete fatty acid profile of hemp seed oil, establishing its optimal omega-6:omega-3 ratio and GLA content. The evidence base is smaller than for fish oil or flaxseed oil, with most studies being small-scale. However, the unique combination of balanced omega ratios, GLA, and complete amino acid content makes hemp seed oil a distinctive plant oil worthy of further clinical investigation, particularly for dermatological conditions.

References

  1. Callaway J, Schwab U, Harvima I, Halonen P, Mykkanen O, Hyvonen P, Jarvinen T (2005). Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. DOI PubMed
  2. Schwab US, Callaway JC, Erkkila AT, Gynther J, Uusitupa MI, Jarvinen T (2006). Effects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factors. European Journal of Nutrition. DOI PubMed
  3. Deferne JL, Pate DW (1996). Hemp seed oil: A source of valuable essential fatty acids. Journal of the International Hemp Association.
  4. Richard D, Kefi K, Barbe U, Bausero P, Visioli F (2008). Polyunsaturated fatty acids as antioxidants. Pharmacological Research. DOI PubMed
  5. Montserrat-de la Paz S, Marin-Aguilar F, Garcia-Gimenez MD, Fernandez-Arche MA (2014). Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil: analytical and phytochemical characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. DOI PubMed